Miniaturization of Reference Electrodes for Solid-State Lithium-Ion Batteries
نویسندگان
چکیده
Enabling simple three-electrode (3E) setups for solid-state battery cells is important allowing investigation of individual electrodes to shed more light on interface charge transfer and reactions occurring in cells. Two different 3E are compared, their practical value evaluated. A miniaturized reference electrode ( ? -RE) developed from lithium-plated gold wires with a tungsten core providing stable potential. Cells Li 6 PS 5 Cl as solid electrolyte, 1-x Ni 0.85 Co 0.10 Mn 0.05 O 2 (NCM851005) cathode active material 4 Ti 12 /Li 7 (LTO) or In/InLi anode investigated. The provides potential 0 V vs + /Li, hence the precise measurement single potentials. setup leaves usual cell geometry essentially unchanged causes only minor additional work during assembly, widespread application. Evidence provided that needed evaluate rate capability materials correctly two-electrode (2E) can massively underestimate electrodes. impedance full systematically analyzed based separate impedances.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of The Electrochemical Society
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['0013-4651', '1945-7111']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/accb6f